Liao Gaoben. 

Ligusticum ligusticum (scientific name: Ligusticum jeholense (Nakai et Kitagawa) is an umbrella family, Ligusticum ligusticum is a perennial herb, up to 80 cm high. The rhizome is short. Stems erect, Terete, hollow, leaves stipitate, leaf blade broadly ovate, Ternate pinnatifid, pinnae outline ovoid, basal ones stipitate, pinnae ovate, lobes dentate, teeth terminal or lateral, compound umbels terminal or lateral, Involucral bracts linear, scabrous, margin narrowly membranous, bracteoles subulate, scabrous; Umbels with flowers; pedicels unequal, calyx teeth inconspicuous; petals white, oblong-Obovate, flowering in August, fruiting from September to October. 

Distributed in Jilin, China, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong. It grows in dark and wet places such as forests, meadows and ditches at an altitude of 1250 to 2500 meters. 

Liao Ligusticum root and rhizome for medicine, dispelling wind, cold, dryness and dampness, treatment of wind-cold headache, cold-dampness abdominal pain, diarrhea, external treatment of scabies, neurodermatitis and other skin diseases. 

Morphological characteristics. 

Herbs perennial, 30-80 cm tall. Root conical, forked, surface dark brown. The rhizome is short. Stems erect, Terete, hollow, longitudinally striped, often purplish, upper branches. Leaves stipitate, basal petiole up to 19 cm long, shorter upward; Leaf blade outline broadly ovoid, 10-20 cm long, 8-16 cm wide, 2-3-pinnately pinnatifid, pinnae 4-5 pairs, outline ovoid, 5-10 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, basal part stipitate, stalk 2-5 cm long; Pinnae 3-4 pairs, ovoid, 2-3 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, base cordate to cuneate, margin often 3-5-lobed; lobes dentate, apex pointed, surface scaberulous along main veins. 

Compound umbels terminal or lateral, 3 × 7 cm in diam.; involucral bracts 2, linear, ca. 1 cm, scabrid, margin narrowly membranous, caducous; rays 8-10, 2-3 cm long, inside scabrous; Bracteoles 8-10, subulate, 3-5 mm long, scabrid; umbellules with flowers 15-20; pedicel unequal, inside rough; calyx teeth inconspicuous; petals white, oblong-Obovate, with inflexed tongue; Style base raised, hemispheric, style long, fruit retrorse downward. Meristem dorsiventral oblate, ellipsoid, 3-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, protruding dorsal edges, with narrow wings on lateral edges; tubing 1 (- 2) in each furrow, vittae 2-4 on commissure surface; ventral endosperm straight. Flowering in August, fruiting from September to October. 

Habitat. 

Distributed in Jilin, China, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong. Born under forests, meadows and ditches at an altitude of 1250 to 2500 meters. 

Reproduction method. 

Seed propagation: the sowing time in spring was about the middle of April (the temperature was stable above 15 ℃), and the sowing time in autumn was before freezing on the soil. The sowing method of spreading sowing is used to sow the seeds. Mix the seeds into an appropriate amount of fine river sand, sprinkle them evenly on the bed surface, and use a rake to hold them flat, so that the seeds can be fully combined with the soil and slightly suppressed. The amount of seed used is 1.5 kg / 667 square meters. After sowing, cover the bed with pine needles 1 cm thick. Generally speaking, the seedling can be emerged 7 days after sowing, and the bed surface should be kept moist before the seedling is unearthed, and the water should be sprayed once every 2 to 3 days during drought. After emergence, the seedlings should be watered properly according to the degree of drought. When the seedling grows to 10 cm, the seedling is determined according to the plant distance of 15 cm. If the purpose of seed propagation is to cultivate seedlings, prepare for transplanting in the field or under the forest, when the seedling height is 10 cm, determine the seedling according to the plant distance of 10 cm. 

Root bud propagation: before sprouting in spring or after the above ground part withered in late autumn, the rhizome of Ligusticum ligusticum was planed, and then ramet was carried out. According to the row spacing of 20 cm × 30 cm, dig and plant holes on the whole seedbed, the depth of the holes is 10 cm, and 1 to 2 plants are placed in each hole. After that, the soil can be compacted and watered. 

Cultivation techniques. 

Transplanting: cultivate seedlings for transplanting, transplanting time can be in spring or autumn, can be planted in the field, can also be interplanted under the forest or orchard. The planting density is determined according to the purpose of planting, the row spacing of medicinal plants is 20 cm × 20 cm, and the row spacing of planting plants is 15 cm × 15 cm. The depth of the planting hole is 15 cm, and 1 to 2 seedlings are placed in each hole. In planting, it is necessary to ensure that the root system of the seedling is extended, the soil is compacted, and the thickness of the soil should be 3 cm over the terminal bud. Planting in autumn can increase the thickness of soil cover properly. 

Ploughing and weeding: loosening the soil and weeding 3 or 4 times a year, loosening the soil and weeding should be careful not to hurt the root and stem of the plant. Combined with loosening soil and weeding, the disease and weak plants in the planting ground should be cleared in time, and the good ventilation and light transmission environment should be maintained in the planting ground. 

Drainage and drought prevention: keep the soil moist at seedling stage, water properly during drought, and water less frequently. Drain well during the rainy season to avoid root decay caused by stagnant water in the root system of the plant. 

Fertilization: topdressing at seedling stage according to soil fertility for 2 to 3 times, 20 kg / 667 square meters of urea and diammonium each time, scattered evenly on the soil surface. If a layer of manure is applied before winter, it can not only increase soil fertility, but also make overwintering buds overwintering safely. 

Removal of inflorescences: plants based on rhizomes, appropriate removal of part of the inflorescences at the bud stage, in order to facilitate the concentration of nutrition to promote root growth. 

Main value. 

Medicinal: taste symplectic, sexual temperature. Publish dispelling cold, dispelling wind and dampness, relieving pain. Functional treatment: treatment of cold headache, pinnacle pain, migraine, rheumatism arthralgia, limb pain.