Base spot (2019): 

600000 jin of fresh yellow essence. 

A large number of seeds of Rhizoma Polygonatum. 

The seed of Polygonatum odoratum is planted at 200000 jin. 

Rhizoma Polygonatum (Liliaceae). 

Huang Jing (scientific name: Polygonatum sibiricum), also known as: chicken head yellow essence, yellow chicken vegetables, pen tube vegetables, claw ginseng, tiger ginger, chicken claw ginseng. It is a plant of the genus Polygonatum, the rhizome is transverse, cylindrical, nodular dilated. Leaves whorled, sessile. Medicinal plants, with the function of tonifying the spleen and moistening the lungs. 

Morphological characteristics. 

The rhizome is cylindrical, because the nodules are enlarged, so one end of the "Internode" is thick and one end is thin, and there are short branches at the thick end (traditional Chinese medicine calls the medicinal material made from this type of rhizome as chicken head yellow essence), with a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters. Stem 50 to 90 cm high, or up to 1 m or more, sometimes climbing. Leaves whorled, 4-6 in each round, strip-lanceolate, 8-15 cm long, (4 -) 6-16 mm wide, apex curled or curved into a hook. 

Inflorescences usually with 2 to 4 flowers, shaped like umbrellas, total pedicels 1 to 2 cm long, pedicels (2.5 to) 4 × 10 mm, pendulous; bracts located at base of pedicel, membranous, subulate or striped lanceolate, 3 to 5 mm long, with 1 vein; Perianth milky white to yellowish, 9-12 mm in length, middle of perianth tube slightly constricted, lobes ca. 4 mm; filaments 0.5 × 1 mm, anthers 2-3 mm; ovary ca. 3 mm, style 5-7 mm. 

Berries 7 to 10 mm in diameter, black, with 4 to 7 seeds. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruit stage is from August to September. 

Habitat distribution. 

Produce Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu (eastern), Henan, Shandong, Anhui (eastern), Zhejiang (northwest). Undergrowth of forests, thickets or shady slopes, 800m / 2800m above sea level. It is also found in North Korea, Mongolia and eastern Siberia of the Soviet Union. 

Cultivation techniques. 

Reproduction mode. 

Rhizome propagation. 

Before and after late autumn or early spring, the rhizome of 1-2-year-old and pest-free plants was selected, and the young parts of the apex were selected and cut into several segments, each of which had 3 to 4 knots. The wound was slightly dried, with a row spacing of 22 to 24 cm and a plant spacing of 10 to 16 cm. Plant 5 centimeters deep, slightly suppress and water after covering the soil, and then water once every 3 to 5 days to keep the soil moist. When planting at the end of autumn, you should cover the soil moisture with some fertilizer and grass to keep warm. 

Seed propagation. 

After the seeds matured in August, the mature and full seeds were immediately treated by sand storage: 1 seed and 3 sand were mixed evenly. Store in a pit 30 centimeters deep in the shade and keep it wet. When the seeds are screened out in late March of the second year, spread evenly into the shallow ditch of the border according to the row spacing of 12 to 15 cm, cover with soil about 1.5 cm, slightly press and water, and cover with a layer of grass to moisturize. Remove the cover grass before emergence, when the seedling height is 6 to 9 cm, the seedling can be properly planted in the dense place, and transplanting after 1 year. In order to meet the shading conditions needed for the growth of Rhizoma Polygonatum, corn can be planted on the ridge of the border. 

Selection and preparation of land. 

The loam or sandy loam with loose texture and good water holding capacity should be used in the selection of moist and fully shaded plots. First deep turn before sowing, combined with land preparation per mu of farm fertilizer 2000 kg, turned into the soil as base fertilizer, and then rake fine leveling, border width 1.2m. 

Field management. 

In the early stage of growth, weeding should be carried out in the early stage of growth, once a year in April, June, September and November. It is appropriate to hoe shallow and cultivate soil properly, and pull grass in the later stage. In case of drought or planting in more sunny and arid places, it is necessary to water in time. Every year, combined with middle ploughing and weeding, topdressing was carried out. After the first three times of middle tillage, 1500 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer per mu, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of cake fertilizer were applied. Huang Jing avoid water and like shade, should pay attention to drainage and intercropping corn. 

Pest control. 

Leaf spot disease. 

It can be controlled by 500 times of 65% zinc wettable powder. 

Black spot. 

More than spring, summer and autumn, damage to leaves. Prevention and control methods: clear the garden at harvest, eliminate the sick and residual body, spray 1 to 100 Bordeaux solution in the early stage, once every 7 days, 3 times in a row. 

Grub. 

Take the larva as the harm, harm the root, bite off the seedling or eat the seedling root, cause the broken seedling or the root cavity, the harm is serious. Control methods: seed dressing with 75% phoxim EC according to the amount of seed 0.1%, or irrigation with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times in the field. 

Late management. 

Harvesting and processing. 

In general, the harvest in spring and autumn is of good quality in autumn. After the shoot has withered in autumn for 3 to 4 years, the rhizome is dug up, the aboveground parts and whiskers are removed, the soil is washed, and steamed in a steamer until the oil is present, take out the sun to dry or dry. Or put in water to boil, remove and dry or dry. 

Seed retention technique. 

Rhizoma Polygonatum can be propagated by rhizome and seed, but it is better to use rhizome in production. Before and after late autumn or early spring, the underground rhizome can be directly planted by digging up strong and disease-free plants. 

Main components. 

The rhizome of Rhizoma Polygonatum contains steroidal saponins, and two furosterol saponins and two spirosterol saponins have been isolated. Belonging to the former is 26 O-β-D-glucopyranose-22 O-methyl-(25) S-furost-5-en-3 β, 26-diol 3-O-β-allicin (26 O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-O-methyl-25 (S)-furost-5-ene-3 β, 26 diol 3 O-β-lycotetraoside, that is, Siberian polygonoside A (sibiricoside-A) and 26 O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22 O-methyl-25 (S)-furost-5-en-3 β, 14 α, 26-triol 3 O-β-fruost-5-ene-3 β, 14 α, 26-triol 3 O-β-lycotetraoside is 14 α-hydroxySiberian polygonoside A (14 α-hydroxysibiricoside A);). Belonging to the latter is: (23s, 25R) spirost-5-en-3 β, 14 α, 23-triol 3 O-β-lycotetraoside) are Siberian polygonoside B (sibiricoside B) and diosgenin-A3 O-β-allicin (neoprazerigenin A3 O-β-lycotetraoside). In addition, Polysaccharide A, B and C were all synthesized by condensation of glucose (glucose), mannose (mannose) and galacturonic acid (galacturonicacid) according to the molar ratio of 6:26:1. The relative molecular weights of the three polysaccharides were all more than 200000. It also contains xanthoidin oligosaccharides A, B and C with relative molecular weights of 1630, 862 and 472, respectively, which are condensed by the molar ratio of fructose (fructose) to glucose at 8 / 1.4 / 1 and 2:1, respectively. 

Main value. 

Medicinal value. 

Usage dosage. 

Oral administration: decoction, 10 to 15 g, fresh 30 to 60 g, or into pills, powder paste. External use: appropriate amount, fried soup wash; boil paste apply; or dip wine rub. 

Be careful. 

Cold diarrhea, phlegm and dampness full of qi stagnation should not be taken. 

Attached party. 

1. Strong muscles and bones, benefit essence, change white hair: yellow essence, Atractylodes macrocephala four catties each, Chinese wolfberry root, cypress leaves each five catties, Tianmen winter three catties. Boiled juice a stone, the same koji 10 jin, glutinous rice a stone, as usual wine Qin. (compendium). 

2. Replenish essence: Lycium barbarum (winter harvest is good), Huang Jing and so on. For fine powder, two flavor and mash into pieces, knead into cakes, dry compound ramming for the end, refining honey for pills, such as sycamore son big. Each take 50 pills, hollow warm water sent down. ("Qixiaoliang recipe" Lycium barbarum pills). 

3. Treat spleen and stomach weakness, body tiredness and weakness: Huang Jing, Codonopsis pilosula, Huai yam one or two each, steamed chicken food. (manual of commonly used Chinese Herbal Medicine in Rural Hunan). 

4. Treat lung labor and cough blood, red leukorrhea: fresh yellow essence root two pairs, ice sugar one or two. Stewed clothes in boiling water. ("Materia Medica in East Fujian"). 

5. treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, after the disease body deficiency: yellow essence five money to one or two. Fried clothes or stewed pork. (manual of commonly used Chinese Herbal Medicine in Rural Hunan). 

6. treat children lower limb impotence soft: yellow essence one or two, winter honey one or two. Stewed clothes in boiling water. ("Materia Medica in East Fujian"). 

7. cure stomach heat thirst: yellow essence six money, cooked land, yam each five money, trichosanthin, Ophiopogon four money each. Fried clothes in water. ("Shandong Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual"). 

8. Treat eyes, tonify liver qi, bright eyes: one catty of mandarin seed (Amoy with water), two catties of yellow essence (steamed with turnip water nine times, exposed to dry). Put on the medicine, pound the fine Luo to disperse. Each suit, hollow to porridge drink under two money, after the solar and evening eclipses, to warm water again. ("Sheng Huifang" trailing Jingzi San). 

9. the treatment of Rongqi is not clear, a long wind into the pulse, so into the leprosy, bad nose color failure, skin itching: Huang Jinggen (peeling and washing) two catties. In the middle of the day, the exposure is soft, the millet rice retort is steamed with it, and the second bucket of rice is cooked for degree, regardless of time. (general record of St. Francis). 

10. cure pinworm disease: yellow essence eight money, add ice sugar one or two, stew take. Fujian traditional Chinese Medicine. 

11. Hyperlipidemia: 30 grams of Huangjing, 25 grams of Hawthorn, 15 grams of Polygonum multiflorum. Fried in water, 1 dose a day. This prescription can also be used for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis. 

12. Leukopenia: Huangjing 2, jujube sub. Make 100% decoction orally, 20 ml each time, 3 times a day. 

13. Diabetes: 15 grams of Huangjing, 15 grams of yam, 12 grams each of Anemarrhena, Yuzhu and Ophiopogon. Fried clothes in water. To this disease sees thirst to drink much, the body tiredness belongs to the qi and yin deficiency syndrome is effective. 

14. Deficiency of lung yin: 30 grams of Huangjing and 50 grams of ice sugar. Wash the yellow essence, soak it in cold water for 3 to 4 hours, put it in the pot, add ice sugar and proper amount of water, boil it over high heat, and boil it over low heat until it is cooked and rotten. Twice a day, eat Huangjing and drink soup. Suitable for cough caused by deficiency of lung yin less sputum, dry cough without sputum, hemoptysis and so on. 

15. Treatment of anaemia, orthostatic, infective, unknown hypotension: Huangjing, Codonopsis 30g, roasted licorice 10g, water decoction, 1 dose a day. 

Clinical application. 

1. Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: take yellow essence after steaming and drying, washing, chopping, adding water 5 times, suffering with gentle fire for 24 hours, filtering slag, and then boiling filtrate with gentle fire, constantly stirring, waiting to boil into extract, cooling, bottling set aside. In general, 5 jin of Huangjing can be made into 1 jin of Huangjing extract, which is equivalent to 5g of Huangjing per milliliter. Dose: 4 times a day, 10ml each time. 19 cases were clinically observed, all of them were infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, including infiltrating stage (n = 9), infiltration and dissolution stage (n = 2), dissolution and dissemination stage (n = 1), absorption improvement stage (n = 1) and quiescent stage (n = 6). There were 11 cases with bilateral lesions and 6 cases with voids. After taking Huangjing extract alone for 2 months, the lesions were completely absorbed in 4 cases, improved in 12 cases and unchanged in 3 cases. Cavities were found in 6 cases, closed in 2 cases and reduced in 4 cases. Most of the sputum bacteria turned negative, and most of the cases of erythrocyte sedimentation rate returned to normal. Weight and clinical symptoms were also improved. 

2. Treatment of Trichophyton: mash xanthine, soak it in 95% alcohol for 1 to 2 days, distill most of the alcohol, concentrate it, add 3 times water, precipitate, take its filtrate, steam the rest of the alcohol, and concentrate it to a thin paste, that is, it becomes a crude solution of xanthate. Apply directly to the affected area, twice a day. Generally speaking, it has a certain curative effect on tinea pedis and ringworm of the waist, especially on the vesicular type and erosive type of tinea pedis. The effect of keratosis on tinea pedis is poor, which may be due to the fact that the mold is in the thicker epidermis of the keratosis type, but the xanthine has no ability to peel or permeate the epidermis. Yellow essence crude liquid application when there is no pain, there is no bad reaction, the disadvantage is that it is easy to pollute the clothes. 

Pharmacological action. 

1. The effect of disease-resistant microorganisms: the in vitro test showed that the extract of Huangjing water (1 to 320) had inhibitory effect on Bacillus typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and acid-fast bacilli. 2% Rhizoma Polygonatum had different degrees of inhibitory effect on common pathogenic fungi in Sha's medium. 

2. Effect on blood glucose: when rabbits were perfused with gastric Huangjing extract, the content of blood glucose increased gradually, and then decreased. Huangjing extract had a significant inhibitory effect on hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine. 

3. Anti-fatigue effect: 0.3ml/ with 17.67% concentration of Huangjing decoction could prolong the swimming time of mice. 

4. Antioxidant effect: 20% concentration of Huangjing decoction, 13ml/ only fed for 27 days, increased the activity of SOD (SOD) in liver and decreased the content of myocardial lipofuscin in mice. 

5. Anti-aging effect: Huangjing decoction, soaking mulberry leaves in 20% concentration to feed silkworm, can prolong the larval stage of silkworm. 

6. Hemostatic effect: Rhizoma Polygonatum methanol extract 40mg/, n-butanol partial 20mg/, water layer partial 20mg/ were injected intraperitoneally to freeze the tail of mice with dry ice and methanol for 1 minute. The tail cutting method showed that it had hemostatic effect. Reduce the amount of blood loss in mice. 

7. Cardiovascular effect: intravenous injection of Huangjing water extract 0.16~0.26g/kg significantly increased coronary flow in anesthetized dogs. Intravenous injection of 1.5g/kg had an antagonistic effect on myocardial ischemia induced by vasopressin, antagonized the increase of T wave induced by vasopressin and promoted the early recovery of abnormal T wave, and intraperitoneal injection of 12g/kg could enhance the tolerance to hypoxia in mice. 

8. Antiviral effect: Rhizoma Polysaccharide 0.2% eye drops, 6 times a day, or 10 mg / kg, twice a day, had a therapeutic effect on experimental herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits. 

9. Other effects: Huangjing decoction 6g/kg was given intragastrically for 10 days, which could increase the activity of Na+,K+-ATP enzyme in erythrocyte membrane of mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 40% ethanol extract of Rhizoma Polygonatum 0.3ml/ could increase the incorporation rate of DNA into 3H~TdR in myocardium, liver and spleen of mice. After intragastric administration of Huangjing decoction 0.5g/, the content of cAMP,cGMP in plasma of mice decreased, but the content of cGMP decreased more, so the ratio of cAMP/cGMP was higher than that of the control group, and the content of cAMP,cGMP in spleen tissue increased, but the ratio of cAMP/cGMP did not change significantly. It is appropriate to beautify the environment around the shady green flower bed, flower border, flower platform and lawn. 

Plant culture. 

Stories and legends. 

Once upon a time there was a rich man, and there was a maid named Huang Jing at home. Huang Jing comes from a very bitter background, but he is born with a good appearance. The rich man was infatuated with color and wanted Huang Jing to be the concubine. The rich man sent a message to Huang Jing's father, saying, your family has planted my fields and eaten my food for generations, and now I want Huang Jing to be my concubine. If you don't want to, pay off my debt and get out of my house. The lark did not nest with the venomous snake, and the family was so anxious that they had to let Huang Jing get out of the house as soon as possible. On a dark night, Huang Jing escaped from the rich man's manor. But no sooner had she escaped from the tiger than she was found by the dog. As a result, the rich man immediately sent the family to catch up with Miss Huang Jing with lanterns and torches. Huang Jingshen, who was blind, ran and ran with a shallow foot. God knows how to get to the edge of a cliff. At this time, the lantern torch behind her was getting closer and closer, and the girl jumped off the cliff with a cruel heart. 

After jumping off a cliff, Huang Jing thought that he would die, but he did not want to fall halfway up the hill but was hung up by a small tree and fell on a small slope beside the tree. She only felt a burst of hot pain all over her body, and suddenly fainted. I do not know how long, she opened her eyes, scared a big jump, only to see under the body is the abyss. She had not taken a sip of water or eaten a grain of rice in the past few days, and she was very weak. When she saw the dense weeds with thin yellow stalks and narrow leaves with white flowers, she pulled down a handful of grass leaves and put them in her mouth to satisfy her hunger. Once, she pulled down a grass root with thick fingers and chewed it in her mouth. It was fragrant and sweet, which was much better than those grass stalked grass leaves. After this, Miss Huang Jing dug grass roots every day to live, while looking for the way up the mountain. The sun rose and set, the moon set and rose, and half a year passed in the twinkling of an eye. One day the girl climbed up behind a big rock and saw a thick yellow vine hanging down from the top of the cliff. She grabbed the vine and climbed up. Only then did she find that her body had become very light and as light as a swallow. I climbed to the top of the mountain so easily that I didn't even catch my breath. When she got to the top of the mountain, she went straight west. As she walked and walked, she saw a village not far ahead. She went to a door and said, "Master, please give me a bowl of rice." Inside, an old woman in her sixties or seventies looked at the girl and said, "begging doesn't look at the time. They haven't started a fire early in the morning." And went back to the house. 

"Please, old mother, please. I haven't eaten for days. I can have a bowl of leftovers." Huang Jing said. When the old woman saw what she had said, she opened the door and let Huang Jing into the house. She went to heat up the leftovers and burned a bowl of hot soup. After a while, an old man with firewood came in. The old woman pointed to Huang Jing and said to the old man, "this is a bitter begging girl. Her parents are dead in the drought in her hometown. Let's take her as a daughter!" The old man looked at the girl and nodded. From then on, Miss Huang Jing stayed with her wife and mother-in-law. For a long time. The girl told her story to her aunt and uncle. 

Huang Jing jumped off a cliff and did not die. He lived on grass leaves and grass roots for more than half a year. This can be called Auntie. Uncle was surprised and said that the girl had a big life and a big nature. The girl's experience gradually spread all over the village. There was an old man who picked medicine in the village. when he heard that the girl could live so long on grass roots, and when he saw that Huang Jing was so watery, he asked the girl what kind of grass roots she was eating. The girl and the old man found that kind of grass root in the mountain. The old man dug up the medicine and put it in his mouth to taste it carefully. He felt that the taste was fragrant and sweet. After eating, the body was warm, comfortable and energetic. Later, after he gave the grass root to the patient, his condition was alleviated, and the body bone gradually became stronger and stronger as he took it to the elderly. Because Miss Huang Jing found this kind of grass, so everyone named it "Huang Jing".